Signs and symptoms

Conjunctivitis can be caused by an infection (virus or bacteria) or by an allergic reaction. It is not always clear which type of conjunctivitis is present, because both cause redness and swelling of the conjunctiva. Symptoms usually develop within 24 to 72 hours of becoming infected and last from two days to three weeks.

Bacterial Conjunctivits

Both eyes are almost always infected with bacterial conjunctivitis, although it may start in just one eye. There is likely to be a gritty feeling and pus.

Viral Conjunctivitis

Conjunctivitis from a virus may involve one or both eyes, causing red itchy eyes with a ‘weepy’ discharge.

Allergy

There will often be other signs of hay fever if the inflammation is the result of an allergy. Signs can include an itchy, runny nose and sneezing or a history of other allergic conditions. The eyes are itchy and watery.

Other Symptoms

• redness behind the eyelid, spreading up the white of the eye
• swelling of the eye/s making them appear puffy
• excessive tears
• a discharge from the eye which dries when the child sleeps, causing crusting around the eyelids
• a dislike of bright lights (photophobia)

Treatment

Viral conjunctivitis

There is no specific treatment and it will get better on its own. Gentle cleaning of the eyes with cotton balls soaked in warm water may help them feel better. Clean in one direction only (either towards the nose from the outside in, or away from the nose, whichever is easier). Discard the cotton ball each time to prevent recontamination. DO NOT try to clean inside the eyelids as this may cause damage to the conjunctiva.

Bacterial conjunctivitis

This form of conjunctivitis may need antibiotic ointment or drops prescribed by a doctor. Treatment should be applied to both eyes, even if only one eye appears to be infected.

Allergic conjunctivitis

Sore, inflamed eyes due to allergies may be helped by treatments used in conditions such as hay fever, eg antihistamines.

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What are germs?

There are many different types of germs, such as viruses or bacteria. Germs can make people sick. You can get germs on your hands when you touch objects and when you touch other people. Once germs are on your hands, they can get inside your body through a wound or when you touch your eyes, nose or mouth. You can also spread germs on your hands to objects or people that you touch. The most common infections are spread through touching.

How can we stop the spread of germs?

Washing your hands and your children’s hands is the best thing you can do to stop the spread of germs. There are also antiseptic ‘gels’ that you can rub into your hands to stop the spread of infections in the hospital. You will find these gels in the wards and around the hospital.You can also purchase them from supermarkets and pharmacies.

When to wash your hands

Before:

• preparing or eating food
• breastfeeding
• feeding a child
• giving medication to a child
• touching, cuddling or holding a sick child

After:

• changing a nappy
• helping a child use the toilet
• using the toilet yourself
• wiping your nose or your child’s nose
• touching, cuddling or holding your child
• after you use the bathroom
• your hands have become dirty

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